As men age, the prostate gland often enlarges—a condition medically known as benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). While it’s not cancerous, an enlarged prostate can lead to a range of health issues that can significantly affect a man’s quality of life. Understanding the risks associated with an enlarged prostate is crucial for early intervention and management. Here are ten risks that every man should be aware of.

1. Urinary Retention

One of the most common and uncomfortable risks of an enlarged prostate is urinary retention. As the prostate enlarges, it can constrict the urethra, making it difficult to empty the bladder completely. This can lead to a weak urine stream, straining to urinate, and in severe cases, the inability to urinate at all, requiring immediate medical attention. 1

2. Bladder Stones

Chronic urinary retention can lead to the formation of bladder stones. These hard masses of minerals can develop when the bladder cannot be fully emptied. Bladder stones can cause painful urination, frequent urinary tract infections, and even hematuria (blood in the urine). If left untreated, they can lead to more serious complications. 2

3. Frequent Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs)

An enlarged prostate can increase the risk of developing urinary tract infections. The inability to fully empty the bladder allows bacteria to grow, leading to recurrent UTIs. Symptoms include a burning sensation during urination, frequent urination, and cloudy or strong-smelling urine. Chronic UTIs can damage the kidneys if not properly treated. 3

4. Kidney Damage

Prolonged urinary retention and recurrent infections can eventually lead to kidney damage. When the bladder becomes overly distended, it can cause pressure to build up in the kidneys, leading to hydronephrosis—a condition where the kidneys become swollen due to urine buildup. Over time, this can impair kidney function and lead to chronic kidney disease. 4

5. Bladder Dysfunction

Over time, an enlarged prostate can weaken the bladder muscles, leading to bladder dysfunction. The bladder may become overactive, causing frequent urination, or underactive, making it difficult to empty the bladder fully. Both conditions can severely impact daily life, leading to discomfort and the need for frequent bathroom trips, especially at night. 5

6. Sexual Dysfunction

Sexual health can also be affected by an enlarged prostate. Men with BPH may experience erectile dysfunction (ED) and reduced sexual satisfaction. This can be due to both the physical effects of the condition and the psychological stress associated with the symptoms of BPH. In some cases, treatments for BPH, such as surgery or certain medications, can also contribute to sexual dysfunction. 6

7. Prostate Infection (Prostatitis)

An enlarged prostate increases the risk of developing prostatitis, an infection of the prostate gland. Prostatitis can cause painful urination, pain in the groin, pelvic area, or genitals, and flu-like symptoms. Chronic prostatitis can be difficult to treat and may require long-term antibiotic therapy. 7

8. Overflow Incontinence

Overflow incontinence occurs when the bladder is so full that it leaks urine uncontrollably. This is a common risk associated with BPH, especially in cases of severe urinary retention. Men with overflow incontinence may experience dribbling of urine after voiding or throughout the day, which can be both embarrassing and inconvenient. 8

9. Increased Risk of Surgery

As BPH progresses, the likelihood of requiring surgical intervention increases. Surgery may be needed to remove or reduce the size of the prostate, relieve urinary obstruction, or address complications like bladder stones or kidney damage. While surgery can alleviate symptoms, it also carries risks such as infection, bleeding, and potential long-term side effects like sexual dysfunction. 9

10. Impact on Quality of Life

Perhaps the most significant risk of an enlarged prostate is its impact on overall quality of life. The constant need to urinate, especially at night (nocturia), can lead to sleep disturbances and fatigue. The physical discomfort, coupled with anxiety about symptoms and potential complications, can take a toll on mental health, leading to stress and depression. 10

Conclusion

While an enlarged prostate is a common part of aging for many men, it’s important to be aware of the potential risks and complications. Early detection and treatment can help manage symptoms and reduce the likelihood of serious health issues. If you experience any signs of BPH, such as difficulty urinating, frequent UTIs, or nocturia, consult with your healthcare provider for an appropriate evaluation and treatment plan. Taking proactive steps can help preserve your health and quality of life as you age.

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 †Disclaimer: These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. These products are not intended to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent any disease. Product results may vary from person to person.